Uptake and recovery of soil nitrogen by bryophytes and vascular plants in an alpine meadow   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

WANG Jin-niu  SHI Fu-sun  XU Bo  WANG Qian  WU Yan  WU Ning 《山地科学学报》2014,11(2):475-484

Due to their particular physiology and life history traits, bryophytes are critical in regulating biogeochemical cycles and functions in alpine ecosystem. Hence, it is crucial to investigate their nutrient utilization strategies in comparison with vascular plants and understand their responses to the variation of growing season caused by climate change. Firstly, this study testified whether or not bryophytes can absorb nitrogen(N) directly from soil through spiking three chemical forms of 15N stable isotope tracer. Secondly, with stronger ability of carbohydrates assimilation and photosynthesis, it is supposed that N utilization efficiency of vascular plants is significantly higher than that of bryophytes. However, the recovery of soil N by bryophytes can still compete with vascular plants due to their greater phytomass. Thirdly, resource acquisition may be varied from the change of growing season, during which N pulse can be manipulated with 15N tracer addition at different time. Both of bryophytes and vascular plants contain more N in a longer growing season, and prefer inorganic over organic N. Bryophytes assimilate more NH4+ than NO3– and amino acid, which can be indicated from the greater shoot excess 15N of bryophytes. However, vascular plants prefer to absorb NO3– for their developed root systems and vascular tissue. Concerning the uptake of three forms N by bryophytes, there is significant difference between two manipulated lengths of growing season. Furthermore, the capacity of bryophytes to tolerate N-pollution may be lower than currently appreciated, which indicates the effect of climate change on asynchronous variation of soil N pools with plant requirements.  相似文献   

Urban Economic Cluster Template and Its Dynamics of Beijing,China     

YANG Zhenshan  LIANG Jinshe  CAI Jianming 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,(6):740-750

Economic clusters have been a central focus of current urban and regional research, policies and practices. However, a meth- odology to identify and analyze policy-relevant economic cluster dynamics is still not well developed. Based on input-output （I-O） data of 1987, 1992, 1997, 2002 and 2007 of Beijing, this article presents an adapted principle component analysis for identifying the evolu- tion of local economic cluster patterns. This research addresses the changes of economic interaction of industries with complementary and common activities over time. The identified clusters provide an insight into the reality of economic development in a diversifying urban economy： the increasing importance of services and the growing interaction between service and manufacturing industries. Our method therefore provides the analysts with a better understanding of the emergence, disappearance and development of economic clus- ters citywide. The results could be used to assist monitoring urban economic development and designing more practical urban economic strategies.  相似文献   

点态性质与一致性质的一个新关系     

蔡龙生  吴定平  史沧红 《成都信息工程学院学报》2014,(2):195-198

为了研究点态性质和一致性质之间的关系,应用紧性性质在拓扑意义下得到逐点有界性质蕴含一致有界性质的结论,并将其推广到连续函数族的情况.基于Baire定理,得到完备度量空间中的逐点收敛性质可导出一致有界性质的结论.  相似文献   

Go with the flow: geospatial analytics to quantify hydrologic landscape connectivity for passively dispersed microorganisms     

Alexander Hohl  Ross K. Meentemeyer 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(8):1626-1641

Understanding the diverse ways that landscape connectivity influences the distribution of microbial species is central to managing the spread and persistence of numerous biological invasions. Here, we use geospatial analytics to examine the degree to which the hydrologic connectivity of landscapes influences the transport of passively dispersed microbes, using the invasive plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum as a case study. Pathogen occurrence was analyzed at 280 stream baiting stations across a range of watersheds – exposed to variable inoculum pressure – in California over a 7-year period (2004–2010). Using logistic regression, we modeled the probability of pathogen occurrence at a baiting station based on nine environmental variables. We developed a novel geospatial approach to quantify the hydrologic connectivity of host vegetation and inoculum pressure derived from least cost distance analyses in each watershed. We also examined the influence of local environmental conditions within the immediate neighborhood of a baiting station. Over the course of the sampling period, the pathogen was detected at 67 baiting stations associated with coastal watersheds with mild climate conditions, steep slopes, and higher levels of inoculum pressure. At the watershed scale, hydrologic landscape connectivity was a key predictor of pathogen occurrence in streams after accounting for variation in climate and exposure to inoculum. This study illustrates a geospatial approach to modeling the degree to which hydrologic systems play a role in shaping landscape structures conducive for the transport of passively dispersed microbes in heterogeneous watersheds.  相似文献   

经典测量平差模型等价性分析     

孙斌 《北京测绘》2014,(3):25-26,30

对经典平差模型进行了较深入的分析和比较,在数学推导的基础上,附有参数的条件平差都可以转换成其他模型。在某种意义上说,附有参数的条件平差也可作为概括模型。  相似文献   

Pore orientation of granular materials during biaxial compression     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

The local pore spaces in granular materials tend to be aligned parallel to the major principal stress direction upon particle mobilization. Manifestation of this response has been numerically validated in our previous studies with the aid of discrete element method modeling and image processing techniques during creep and shearing. We now extend the modeling of pore geometry, constructed with spherical particles, to assemblies of particle clumps. Two-dimensional simulations are performed for both loose and dense assemblies of spherical particles and particle clumps. Each particle packing is bound by rigid or flexible walls and subjected to biaxial compression and the particle mobilization effect on the evolution of pore orientation is explored. Randomly shaped pores surrounded by adjacent particles are geometrically quantified by Delaunay tessellation and fitted with ellipses. Results show that localization is apparent in dense assemblies, in particular for clumped particle packing, while loose assemblies exhibit diffusive failure. Small pores within well-defined shear bands tend to align either parallel to the direction of the shear band or perpendicular to the major principal stress. On the other hand, small pores within the blocks and large pores have a tendency to become elongate towards the major principal stress direction. This study reveals for the first time that pore orientation is dependent upon particle shape, pore size, and assembly conditions on the pore and global scales.  相似文献   

地质导向技术在煤层气水平井中的应用——以柳林区块某多分支水平井为例     

陈粤强  ;梁英英  ;杨文清 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(9):57-60

地质导向技术能有效提高煤层气水平井施工成功率和煤层钻遇率,但由于其具有导向参数多、工艺要求高、易受地质因素影响等特点,使其在实际应用中还存在诸多难点。以柳林区块内某多分支水平井为例,针对该井现场地质导向作业面临的资料缺乏、参数受欠平衡钻进干扰、煤层结构复杂等难点,建立合适的地质导向模型,优选合理的导向参数和导向系统,对地质导向技术在实际应用中的工艺与流程进行了系统论述。实践表明,地质导向技术在该井的应用效果良好:煤层钻遇率达到了93.1%;截至目前,该井的产气量达8600m3/d,且还在进一步提升。  相似文献   

滇东南喀斯特山区生态系统服务时空格局及功能分区   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵筱青  石小倩  李驭豪  李益敏  黄佩 《地理学报》2022,77(3):736-756

明晰生态系统服务时空格局,划分生态系统服务功能区,将有助于实现土地资源精细化管理。本文以滇东南喀斯特山区典型区域文山市为例,分析2000—2017年食物供给、产水量、植被净初级生产力、土壤保持、生境质量和旅游文化6项生态系统服务的时空格局及其分异特征;运用K-means聚类法识别生态系统服务簇,划分生态系统服务功能区,并提出差异化生态管控措施。结果表明：① 2000—2017年间,除生境质量服务下降外,文山市其他5项服务均呈上升趋势。② 空间分布上,文山市6项生态系统服务高值区集中分布在西部和南部,低值区集中分布在北部和中部;6项服务的冷热点区域空间分布有差异,但整体上具有重叠性。除旅游文化服务的热点和冷点区分布面积占比分别为2.56%和0以外,其他5项服务的冷热点区面积占比均在21%~32%;能够同时提供3项及以上高值生态系统服务功能的区域较少,85.50%的区域只能同时提供2项及以下高值服务功能。③ 根据服务簇聚类结果,文山市划分为生态保护区、生态过渡区、农业主产区和人类生产生活区4类功能区,针对各分区提出差异化生态管控建议。研究结果可为喀斯特山区城市资源利用和国土空间管控提供参考。  相似文献   

干旱绿洲农业区村庄多功能特征与类型划分研究——以临泽县为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄晶  薛东前  马蓓蓓  宋永永 《干旱区地理》2022,45(2):606-617

村庄是最能直接体现乡村经济社会活动规律的单元,落实到村级层面的功能类型划分是分类推进乡村振兴的关键。以行政村为基本单元,采用熵权法、泰尔指数及优势功能模型,构建适用于村庄发展功能识别与类型划分的研究思路,并以西北干旱绿洲农业区临泽县为例进行实证研究。结果表明：干旱绿洲农业区总体形成以农产品生产和生态保育为主的国土空间格局,村庄形成农业种植、畜牧养殖、工业加工、商贸旅游、劳务输出、生活保障等多功能地域综合体,其中农产品生产和生活保障功能总体空间差异较小,而非农生产功能空间差异较大。村庄因资源禀赋、规划引导、政策驱动和社会需求差异形成不同的优势功能类型,空间上呈现“外围生态、沿河种植、中部农牧、临城劳务,文旅、商旅、生活保障以政府驻地及附近村庄为主”的分布规律,并形成非农生产功能镶嵌于农业生产功能之中、生产生活功能被生态保育功能包围的分布格局。通过自上而下主体功能统筹与自下而上经济社会需求相结合的方法进行村庄发展功能识别和类型划分具有较强的适用性和实践指导价值,在巩固国家主体功能定位、保障国家粮食和生态安全的同时,可以调整优化县域资源要素配置,实现村庄发展功能互补与功能协调。  相似文献   

NH₄Cl水溶液的微观结构和宏观物性研究          下载免费PDF全文

张宇  李非  费莉婷  纪志永  赵颖颖  郭小甫  刘杰  王士钊  汪婧  毕京涛  张盼盼  张丁予  袁俊生 《盐湖研究》2022,30(4)

通过拉曼光谱、同步辐射X射线散射和密度泛函理论(DFT)模拟,研究了质量分数为1.0 %-28.0 %的NH₄Cl水溶液的微观结构变化。同时在室温下测量了粘度、接触角和电导率。由拉曼光谱和密度泛函理论模拟结果可知,当溶质浓度升高至10.0 %时,在2900 cm_-1^和3100 cm_-1^{附近出现了明显的}N-H作用峰,且随着质量分数的升高,NH₄Cl水溶液中的氢键类型发生了转变。X射线散射结果表明,当NH₄Cl水溶液质量分数升高至10.0 %时,差值对分布函数G(r)在2.98 ?附近出现明显双峰,表明在该浓度下溶液中NH₄₊^-Cl_-^{接触离子对开始成为主要微观作用形式。对}NH₄Cl水溶液的宏观物性研究表明,粘度、接触角和电导率均随着NH₄Cl水溶液质量分数的增加而增大。作者推断,NH₄Cl水溶液中氢键类型的转变、O-H...N键占比增多以及逐渐增加的NH₄₊^-Cl_-^{接触离子对},是粘度和接触角随溶质浓度增加而增加的微观本质因素;电导率的增加与溶液中有效导电离子数量增加有关。  相似文献